Introduction: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the apical microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement, and biodentine. Materials & Methods: The study was performed on 76 single-canal human teeth. Root canals were prepared by ProTaper rotary system, then obturated with gutta-percha. Thereafter, the apical section of the teeth was cut from 3 mm above the apex, and 3 mm of gutta-percha was removed by an ultrasonic device from the apical part of the root canals. Then, 60 teeth were randomly assigned to 3 groups and filled with MTA, CEM cement, and biodentine. Control groups were also prepared. All surfaces of the samples were covered with two layers of nail polish, except for the surfaces near the apical filling. In each group, half of the samples were immersed in indian ink for 3 days and the other half for 7 days. After clearing, the samples were examined using stereo microscope with 20x magnification and dye penetration was evaluated. Data analysis was performed using Repeated measures and One-way ANOVA and p<0. 05 was considered significant. Results: The mean microleakage for MTA, CEM cement and biodentine on the third day were 2576. 80 and 2567. 60, 2370. 20 and the mean on the seventh day were 2431. 50, 1516. 50 and 1560. 70, respectively. The mean leakage was not statistically different in samples on the third and seventh days. The difference of microleakage was statistically significant among these materials. Conclusion: It seems the biodentine compared to MTA and CEM cement have better apical sealing ability.

Introduction: Root mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a type of MTA that has been introduced in the Iranian market. There have been few studies on this substance. This study compared the push-out bond strength of Root MTA and CEM cement, which were both Iranian products. Materials & Methods: This in vitro study was performed on 20 extracted maxillary incisors. Samples were divided in two groups. The canals of the first group were filled with Root MTA and the second group by CEM cement. In order to investigate the push-out bond strength, the device applied a force in the direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sample so that the desired materials would fail. Each sample was classified into one of three types of failureincluding adhesive (failure in the material and dentin interface), cohesive (failure in the material itself) or a combination of both. Results: There was no significant difference between the mean pressure on teeth for the two groups (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference between the frequencies of different types of failure between the two groups (P>0. 05). Cohesive failure in the CEM group was twice as high as in the MTA group (P>0. 05). Conclusion: There was not any significant difference between the push-out bond strength of CEM cement and Root MTA cement. These findings demonstrated that Root MTA material showed a satisfactory result in the bond strength test compared to CEM material, and could be used as an alternative to CEM cement.

Introduction: The purpose of this ex vivo study was to assess the effect of two root-end filling materials against Candida (C) Albicans.Materials and Methods: ProRoot MTA and CEM cement were compared immediately and 24 h after mixing, in two different concentrations (50 and 100 mg/mL). A total of 50 culture wells were used and divided into experimental (n=10) and control groups (n=5). Those with no medication served as positive and without C. Albicans served as negative controls. All plates were incubated at 37oC after 1, 24, and 48hours. At each interval, the presence of C. Albicans was assessed and recorded by an independent observer. In addition to observing turbidity, 0.02 mL of samples from each cell was re-cultured on sabouraud dextrose agar plates to confirm change in fungal growth. The data were evaluated and analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test.Results: Although all fresh and set samples with experimental concentrations showed fungal growth after 1 h; they demonstrated complete fungicidal activity at 24 and 48-h time intervals.Conclusion: Under the conditions of this ex vivo study, CEM cement as well as ProRoot MTA has fungicidal effects against C. Albicans even in concentration of 50 mg/mL and after 24 hours.

Introduction: Root-end preparation and restoration with an endodontic material are required when nonsurgical endodontic retreatment has failed or is impossible. The present clinical study reports the treatment outcomes of periradicular surgery using calciumenriched mixture (CEM) cement.Materials and Methods: A prospective outcome study of periradicular surgery using CEM was conducted on 14 permanent teeth with persistent apical periodontitis. Using a standardized surgical protocol, 2-3 mm of the root apex was resected; approximately 3 mm deep root-end cavities were ultrasonically prepared and filled with CEM cement. All patients were available for recall.Results: Clinical and radiographic examination revealed complete healing of periradicular lesions, i.e.regeneration of periodontal ligament and lamina dura in 13 teeth (93% success) during a mean time of 18 months; moreover, the teeth were functional and asymptomatic.Conclusion: Favorable treatment outcomes in this prospective clinical study suggested that CEM cement may be a suitable root-end filling biomaterial.

Background: The bond strength of the materials used as a cervical barrier in the pulp regeneration is essential for the success of treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of triple antibiotic paste (TAP), double antibiotic paste (DAP), and simvastatin as intracanal medicaments on the dislodgement resistance of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calciumenriched mixture (CEM). Methods: A total of 160 extracted human single-rooted teeth were selected, and root canal preparation was carried out. The teeth in each group were randomly divided into four subgroups: TAP, DAP, simvastatin, and the control group (without intracanal medicament). Four weeks after placing the medicaments, it was removed by sodium hypochlorite, and MTA and CEM were placed in the coronal third of the root canals. After a week, 2-mm-thick dentin disks were prepared from the coronal third of the roots, and the push-out test was performed using a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and independent t-test at a significance level of 0. 05. Results: Regardless of the intracanal medicament, there was no significant difference between the overall bond strength of MTA (59. 3 ±,10 MPa) and CEM (55. 8 ±,11 MPa) (P = 0. 6). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in bond strength between the two intracanal medicament groups and the control group (P > 0. 05). Conclusion: Under the limitations of the current study, DAP, simvastatin, and TAP, as intracanal medicaments, did not adversely affect the push-out bond strength of CEM and MTA.

Glycerol is a hydrocarbon compound and is considered an environmental organic pollutant. This paper presents the effect of different percentages of glycerol on the strength of soil and soil-cement mixtures. Compressive strength experiments were conducted on natural soil and soil-cement (with %3 and %6 cement) samples contaminated with different percentages (%3, %6 and %9) of glycerol. Results indicated that compressive strength of soil samples prepared with different percentages of glycerol decrease compare to natural soil while increasing compressive strength of soil-cement mixtures at low percentages (%3) of glycerol. Furthermore using higher percentages of glycerol (%6 and %9) caused decrease in the compressive strength for soil-cement mixtures.

Minimizing of cement paste volume not only decreases the cost of construction but also improves many of attributions regarding durability in self-consolidating concrete. In this paper, a mixture design method of Self-Consolidating Concrete based on minimum cement paste volume is proposed that descends cost of construction, more over because of creating a systematic modification process, achieving desired mixture is accelerated. It's understood from the results that amount of minimum required cement paste in self-consolidating concrete is dependable on aggregate size distribution and composition of cement paste, more over in self-consolidating concrete, it is probable that minimum amount of required cement paste is needed in aggregate composition that haven't maximum packing density.

Article Type: Case Report The present report reviews the diagnostic and treatment challenges of a mandibular molar with previous root canal treatment and signs of a procedural mishap, i.e. furcal radiolucency and localized swelling of the gingival margin in which a sinus tract was present. By tracing the sinus tract, it became evident that the lesion originated from the furcation area, not the root apices. This case was treated by cleaning/filling the coronal half of the canals and leaving the rest of obturating material untouched. The strip perforation zone in the mesial root was sealed off with Calcium-enriched mixture cement. One week after treatment, the patient’s symptoms had faded away and one year later, the lesion completely healed with bone replacement.